281 papers
Molecular biology explores the tiny machinery inside living cells, revealing how genetic instructions are read, copied, and turned into the proteins that keep us alive. This field acts as a bridge between the static code of DNA and the dynamic processes that drive growth, disease, and life itself, offering insights into everything from cellular repair to the development of new medicines.
On Gist.Science, we track every new preprint uploaded to bioRxiv in this category to make these complex discoveries accessible to everyone. Our team processes each submission to provide both clear, plain-language explanations and detailed technical summaries, ensuring you can grasp the core findings without getting lost in dense academic jargon.
Below are the latest molecular biology papers freshly processed from bioRxiv, ready for you to explore and understand.
The paper introduces Easymode, a library of pretrained general segmentation networks trained on over 4,000 tilt series that enables flexible, training-free workflows for identifying, extracting, and analyzing macromolecules in cellular cryo-ET, demonstrated by determining the 4.0 Å in situ structure of IMPDH filaments and mapping their cellular environment.
This study demonstrates that low-dose radiation-induced adaptive response in human lymphocytes significantly reduces initial DNA double-strand break signaling (measured by γH2AX foci) in a time-dependent and cell-type-specific manner, with maximal protection occurring at 15 hours post-priming.
This paper presents a generalized microfluidic strategy that uses affinity tags to capture and photo-elute proteins directly from minimal lysate or in vitro translation volumes, enabling high-resolution Cryo-EM structure determination while drastically reducing sample consumption and preparation time compared to conventional workflows.
This study presents a large-scale structural proteomics resource for *Arabidopsis thaliana* generated via an optimized PhoX cross-linking mass spectrometry workflow, which identified over 52,000 cross-linked peptide pairs defining thousands of protein-protein interactions and providing residue-level spatial constraints for diverse molecular machines such as photosystems, ribosomes, and histone complexes.
This study demonstrates that in murine lupus, thoracic aortic perivascular adipose tissue undergoes a coordinated molecular reprogramming characterized by interferon-driven inflammation, mitochondrial bioenergetic failure, and acquired impairment of adipogenic progenitor differentiation, collectively driving lupus-associated vasculopathy.
This study elucidates the critical role of PUF60 in mouse stem cell survival and splicing regulation, revealing that its expression is tightly controlled by cell density and a novel N-terminal phosphorylation mechanism that influences protein stability, localization, and potential cancer-related dysregulation.
This study identifies a distinct plasma microRNA signature, notably a 39-fold overexpression of hsa-miR-4454 and hsa-miR-7975, in patients with RYR1-related myopathies, suggesting these molecules as potential biomarkers for the disorder.
This study demonstrates that resource-efficient in vitro assays engineered to mimic the lipid-rich, caseous microenvironments of severe tuberculosis lesions generate drug-response metrics that more accurately predict treatment outcomes in marmosets than conventional methods, thereby establishing a scalable framework to prioritize regimens capable of sterilizing hard-to-treat lesions and shortening therapy.
This study demonstrates that the RAD54L translocase is essential for interstrand crosslink repair by promoting nascent DNA degradation and radial chromosome formation in FANC-deficient cells, thereby facilitating efficient double-strand break resolution.
This study demonstrates that pyridoxine supplementation confers therapeutic protection against R222Q-variant sphingosine phosphate lyase insufficiency syndrome by enhancing residual enzyme activity and normalizing sphingosine-1-phosphate levels, as validated through clinical observations and a novel mouse model where disease severity is modulated by dietary pyridoxine availability.